First dated phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus <i>Tamarix</i> (Tamaricaceae): biogeographical implications and hybridization processes in the Mediterranean Basin

Abstract The genus Tamarix comprises trees and shrubs that grow mainly in saline habitats. Previous phylogenetic analyses have shown incongruence between different gene trees, which suggest hybridization processes might been present the past. However, complex pattern of colonization Western Mediterranean region has yet to be understood, no dated phylogeny reconciles is currently available. objectives study are: (i) reconstruct first species tree from previously published data, (ii) evaluate occurrence past hybridization, (iii) discuss biogeographical implications, focused on Basin. Our results show separation Myricaria occurred 28.49 Mya, crown age at 16.65 Mya. Past three species: amplexicaulis, canariensis, minoa. Various events are probable Mediterranean: a Early Miocene, africana during Late boveana gallica Pleistocene. In addition, migrated south-western Africa around 5.8 probably through an ancient arid African corridor, or long-distance dispersal event.